Egypt
Fixed-term contracts are permitted in Egypt for a maximum duration of five (5) years. Upon reaching this limit, the contract is automatically converted to an indefinite-term agreement. If it is not intended to renew a fixed-term contract, the Worker must be notified at least two (2) months prior to the contract expiration date.
Workers in Egypt are entitled to up to 14 paid public holidays per year, which are designated by the government. Recognized holidays include national observances such as Revolution and Policy Day, Labor Day, Armed Forces Day, as well as religious holidays like Coptic Christmas, Eid al Fitr, and Eid al Adha. Religious holidays follow the Islamic lunar calendar, and their exact dates may vary each year. If a public holiday falls on a weekday, it is typically observed on the following Thursday, with the exception of religious holidays, which remain fixed. Holidays that fall on weekends are not legally required to be compensated with an alternative day off.
After the completion of six (6) months of continuous service, Workers are generally entitled to 21 working days of leave per year, six (6) of which must be taken consecutively. Vacation can be rolled over for a maximum of three (3) years. The days increase to 30 after 10 years of work or once the Worker reaches 50 years of age.
A probationary period may last up to three (3) months and cannot be extended. During this time, either party may terminate the engagement without notice, liability, or compensation.
Workers are entitled to one month of paid sick leave for every three years of service.
A standard workweek in Egypt consists of 48 hours, not including breaks. Workers are entitled to a minimum of one (1) hour of break time per workday.
In Egypt, any hours worked beyond the standard 48-hour workweek are considered overtime and must be compensated accordingly. Workers are entitled to a premium rate of at least 135% of the regular wage for daily overtime hours and 170% for nighttime overtime. Work performed on official holidays or weekly rest days must be compensated at 200%. Overtime must be voluntary and cannot exceed two (2) hours per day.
Mandatory bonuses are not required in Egypt.
Termination in Egypt is subject to strict legal safeguards. Workers cannot be dismissed for misconduct or contract breaches without a formal investigation under Labor Law No. 14 of 2025. If the investigation finds that the termination is justified, affected Workers may be terminated through mutual separation or after receiving judicial approval from the appropriate labor authority. Non-disciplinary terminations, such as redundancies, must follow proper notice procedures, typically two (2) months (or three (3) months for service over 10 years. Payment in lieu of notice is acceptable. Severance is owed in cases of unjustified dismissal or mutual separation. Severance is typically two (2) months of the Worker’s salary.
There are no statutory requirements for Worker resignation.
Additional rules regarding the end of a Worker's contract are determined on a case by case basis, but may include severance payments for worker's aged 60 and over, as well as special considerations for mass terminations.
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